Mood Disorders

1. Antidepressants are the treatment of choice. The usual antidepressants are imipramine, newer antidepressants like tetracyclics (mianserin), trazodone, fluoxetine, amineptin and amoxapine and Tricyclic like imipramine, amitriptyline etc.

2. Psychological Treatment
I. Cognitive Therapy – Its aims at correcting the depressive negative cognitions (ideations) like hopelessness, worthlessness, helplessness and pessimistic ideas.
II. Psychoanalytic ...

A hypomanic episode last at least 4 days and is similar to manic episode except that it is not sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning, and no psychotic features are present. Both mania and hypomania are associated with inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, great physical and mental activity and over involvement in pleasurable behavior.

Dysthymia -Persistence of mood symptoms which last for more than 2 years. In children ...

Manic episode last for at least 1 week.
1. Elevated, Expansive or Irritable Mood
It characterized by –
(a) Euphoria (mild elevation of mood): Increased sense of psychological well-being and happiness.
(b) Elation (moderate elevation of mood): Feeling of confidence and enjoyment along with increased psychomotor activity.
(c) Exaltation: Intense elation with delusion of grandeur.
(d) Ecstasy: Intense sense of rapture or blissfulness.
2. Psychomotor Activity ...

The essential features are symptoms such as markedly depressed mood, marked anxiety, marked affective liability and decreased interest in activities. These symptoms have regularly occurred during the last week of luteal phase in most menstrual cycle during the past year. The symptoms begin to remit with in a few a days of the onset of menses (the follicular phase) and are always absent in the week following menses.

Five (or more) of the symptoms must have been present: 1) feeling ...

Its beginning often evident early in life has resulted in persistent vulnerability to experience fear or anxiety when facing every day problems. In these cases ordinary methods of coping, including the “normal” use of ego-defense mechanisms, have proven inadequate and an individual either experiences disabling anxiety or increasingly relies on more defensive reactions. Although these defenses may help ward off acute feelings of threat, they exact a high price in ineffective and self-defeating behavior. ...