Objectives: This study investigated concerns that have been raised about past and future health effects caused by high power transmissions of high frequency (7–30 MHz) radio waves from military antenna systems at Akrotiri, Cyprus. Methods: A cross-sectional study of three villages (two exposed, one unexposed) collected longitudinal and short-term radiofrequency measurements. Health data were collected using questionnaires containing information on demographic factors, specific illnesses, general health (SF-36 well-being questionnaire), reproductive history, childhood illnesses, risk perception and mortality. Analysis was with SPSS v11.5 using cross tabulations of non-parametric data and tests for significance. Key health outcomes were subjected to logistic regression analysis. Results: Field strengths within the two "exposed" villages were a maximum of 0.30 (Volts/Vm–1 metre) from the 17.6 MHz military transmissions and up to 1.4 Vm–1 from unspecified sources, mainly cell phone frequencies. The corresponding readings in the control village were