Donald Clark III, MD; Jason L. Guichard, MD, PhD; David A. Calhoun, MD; and Mustafa I. Ahmed, MD



DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2012.01.2519



Abstract: The 2008 scientific statement from the American Heart Association defined resistant hypertension as blood pressure remaining above goal (< 140/90 mm Hg for the general population and < 130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes or renal disease) despite the concurrent use of optimal doses of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes, ideally including a diuretic. Since then, there has been increasing recognition and characterization of patients with resistant hypertension and development of treatment strategies to treat this high-risk population. The role of aldosterone in resistant hypertension has gained increasing recognition. In particul...

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